Sicily, a microcosm of Mediterranean history, influenced by Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Fatimids, Arabs, Normans, Aragonese, and Spanish. Independent since the Kingdom of Sicily in 1130, it thrived in the Middle Ages, transitioning to Hohenstaufen rule in 1194. The War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282-1302) marked a pivotal moment against French rule. Sicily saw Spanish control, brief Savoyard and Austrian rule, and joined Italy in 1860. In the 20th century, it witnessed Allied conquest, Communist agitation, and Mafia influence, culminating in the deaths of anti-Mafia magistrates in 1992. Sicily's rich history forms a captivating tapestry of Mediterranean heritage.
Embark on your Sicilian adventure starting in Palermo, where a vibrant blend of Arab, Norman, Byzantine, and Baroque influences awaits in the historic centre. Marvel at the Norman architectural masterpiece, Palermo Cathedral, and the golden Palatine Chapel within the Palazzo dei Normanni. Immerse yourself in the lively markets of Ballarò and Vucciria, indulging in local delicacies such as arancini, panelle, and cannoli. Explore the Valley of Temples in Agrigento, home to well-preserved ancient Greek masterpieces like the Temple of Concordia and the Temple of Juno, particularly stunning at sunset. This site prompts reflection on the transient nature of life, leaving visitors in awe of the profound human experience.